Second, we propose descriptive and mathematical models of obsolescence and rarefaction propagation which allow to describe the likelihood of this propagation through the architecture of the system via two types of identified links, namely dependency and jump-up/jump-downs. First, it contributes to the concepts of obsolescence and rarefaction. In fact, even if the obsolescence or rarefaction propagation is real and commonly accepted, there are no models describing its mechanisms. The objective of this research work is to propose models to describe such propagation and to understand its principles. Understanding the propagation mechanisms can greatly contribute to obsolescence resilient design, but also to obsolescence management enabling a more effective determination of the scope of impact of actual or predicted obsolescence. These consequences can cascade through the system architecture. The consequences of an obsolete entity must be minimised as they may have impacts, among others, on system characteristics such as availability or maintainability. Obsolescence must be taken into account, analysed and resolved effectively as it can lead to temporary or permanent stoppage of a system or make it impossible to repair it. A component is considered obsolete when it is no longer manufactured or requested. All systems are likely to be affected by obsolescence.
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